This article examines why the Cuban economy requires an initial phase of stabilization and emergency transformations to halt the deterioration accumulated over recent years. It analyzes the collapse of key sectors such as energy, transportation, healthcare, and infrastructure, as well as the impact of the productive crisis, external sanctions, and the loss of state capacity on both public welfare and the functioning of the economy.

The paper proposes a staged roadmap for a potential economic transformation, beginning with urgent measures aimed at restoring minimum conditions of stability and confidence. It also assesses the potential role of the private sector, the Cuban diaspora, and a possible easing of sanctions as factors that could facilitate the initial recovery and lay the groundwork for broader structural reforms.